Facades 提供了一个“静态”接口到 IoC 容器 类 。Laravel 含有很多 facades,你可能不知道你在某些地方已经使用过它们了。
有时候, 你可能想为你的应用程序或包创建自己的 facades, 所以,让我们来讨论一下如何开发和使用这些类。
注意 在深入 facades 之前,我们强烈建议你多了解一下 Laravel Ioc 容器。
在 Laravel 应用程序中, facade 是提供从容器中访问对象方法的类。Facade 类实现了该机制。
你的 facade 类只需要实现一个方法: getFacadeAccesor 。 getFacadeAccessor 方法的工作是定义如何从容器中取得对象。 Facades 基类构建了 __callStatic() 魔术方法来从 facade 延迟访问取得对象。
So, when you make a facade call like Cache::get, Laravel resolves the Cache manager class out of the IoC container and calls the get method on the class. In technical terms, Laravel Facades are a convenient syntax
for using the Laravel IoC container as a service locator.
在以下示例中,执行 Laravel 缓存系统, 查看该代码,我们可能会假定 get 静态方法是执行在 Cache 类。
In the example below, a call is made to the Laravel cache system. By glancing at this code, one might assume that the static method get is being called on the Cache class.
$value = Cache::get('key');
然后,如果我们查看 Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache 类, 你会发现该类没有任何 get 静态方法:
class Cache extends Facade {
/**
* Get the registered name of the component.
*
* @return string
*/
protected static function getFacadeAccessor() { return 'cache'; }
}
Cache 类继承基本 Facade 类,并且定义了个 getFacadeAccessor() 方法。注意,该方法的工作是返回 IoC 绑定的名字。
当用户引用任何在 Cache facade 静态方法, Laravel 从 IoC 容器绑定中取得 cache,并且执行请求该对象方法(在该例子中为get)。
所以,我们 Cache::get 执行可以重写为:
$value = $app->make('cache')->get('key');
要为自己的应用程序或者包创建一个 facade 是非常简单的。你需要做三件事情:
让我们来看个例子。这里,我们定义一个 PaymentGateway\Payment 类。
namespace PaymentGateway;
class Payment {
public function process()
{
//
}
}
This class might live in your app/models directory, or any other directory that Composer knows how to auto-load.
我们需要能够在 IoC 容器中取得该类。所以,让我们增加一个绑定:
App::bind('payment', function()
{
return new \PaymentGateway\Payment;
});
最好注册该绑定的位置是创建一个新的名为 PaymentServiceProvider 服务提供器,并且将该绑定加入到 register 方法。接下来你就可以配置 Laravel app/config/app.php 配置文件来加载该服务提供器。
接下来,我们就可以创建我们的 facade 类:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Facade;
class Payment extends Facade {
protected static function getFacadeAccessor() { return 'payment'; }
}
最后,如果你想,我们可以为我们 facade 设置别名到 app/config/app.php 配置文件里的 aliases 数组。现在,我们能够调用 Payment 类实例的 process 方法。 Payment::process();
单元测试是 facades 工作的重要体现。事实上,可测试性是 facedes 存在的主要原因。要了解更多信息,查看文档模拟 facades部分。
Below you will find every facade and its underlying class. This is a useful tool for quickly digging into the API documentation for a given facade root. The IoC binding key is also included where applicable.
| Facade | Class | IoC Binding |
|---|---|---|
| App | Illuminate\Foundation\Application |
app
|
| Artisan | Illuminate\Console\Application |
artisan
|
| Auth | Illuminate\Auth\AuthManager |
auth
|
| Auth (Instance) | Illuminate\Auth\Guard | |
| Blade | Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler |
blade.compiler
|
| Cache | Illuminate\Cache\Repository |
cache
|
| Config | Illuminate\Config\Repository |
config
|
| Cookie | Illuminate\Cookie\CookieJar |
cookie
|
| Crypt | Illuminate\Encryption\Encrypter |
encrypter
|
| DB | Illuminate\Database\DatabaseManager |
db
|
| DB (Instance) | Illuminate\Database\Connection | |
| Event | Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher |
events
|
| File | Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem |
files
|
| Form | Illuminate\Html\FormBuilder |
form
|
| Hash | Illuminate\Hashing\HasherInterface |
hash
|
| HTML | Illuminate\Html\HtmlBuilder |
html
|
| Input | Illuminate\Http\Request |
request
|
| Lang | Illuminate\Translation\Translator |
translator
|
| Log | Illuminate\Log\Writer |
log
|
| Illuminate\Mail\Mailer |
mailer
|
|
| Paginator | Illuminate\Pagination\Environment |
paginator
|
| Paginator (Instance) | Illuminate\Pagination\Paginator | |
| Password | Illuminate\Auth\Reminders\PasswordBroker |
auth.reminder
|
| Queue | Illuminate\Queue\QueueManager |
queue
|
| Queue (Instance) | Illuminate\Queue\QueueInterface | |
| Queue (Base Class) | Illuminate\Queue\Queue | |
| Redirect | Illuminate\Routing\Redirector |
redirect
|
| Redis | Illuminate\Redis\Database |
redis
|
| Request | Illuminate\Http\Request |
request
|
| Response | Illuminate\Support\Facades\Response | |
| Route | Illuminate\Routing\Router |
router
|
| Schema | Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint | |
| Session | Illuminate\Session\SessionManager |
session
|
| Session (Instance) | Illuminate\Session\Store | |
| SSH | Illuminate\Remote\RemoteManager |
remote
|
| SSH (Instance) | Illuminate\Remote\Connection | |
| URL | Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator |
url
|
| Validator | Illuminate\Validation\Factory |
validator
|
| Validator (Instance) | Illuminate\Validation\Validator | |
| View | Illuminate\View\Environment |
view
|
| View (Instance) | Illuminate\View\View |